{"id":3861,"date":"2023-05-04T11:39:24","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T11:39:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afaqdz.net\/?p=3861"},"modified":"2024-12-18T12:59:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T12:59:26","slug":"export_russe_chine_afrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afaqdz.net\/index.php\/2023\/05\/04\/export_russe_chine_afrique\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

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-\u201c\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0651. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201c\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (..) \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201c\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (..)\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627 (..)\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0627\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201c\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (..)\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0650\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646\u201d[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0650\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627[20]<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201c\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u0646\u0627. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201c\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0648\u062a\u064e\u0636\u064f\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 (..)<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201c\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201c\u0633\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621. \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u0652\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/u><\/strong>:<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064d \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u201d (15 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631)\u061b<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a (47 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064f\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645 \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/tools\/TLA2045-3.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u064f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u201d. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u201d.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.francesoir.fr\/politique-monde\/le-rapport-de-la-rand-corporation-pour-destabiliser-la-russie<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/france-science.com\/la-rand-corporation-des-analyses-objectives-des-solutions-efficaces\/?print=pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1945\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948.<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=3288<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/alkhanadeq.com\/post.php?id=1770<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.bfmtv.com\/international\/tout-comprendre-qu-est-ce-que-le-groupe-wagner-cette-milice-russe-soupconnee-d-etre-presente-en-ukraine_AD-202203010565.html<\/a>, (01.03.2022)<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>https:\/\/www.skynewsarabia.com\/world\/1597825-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9%D8%9F<\/a>, (16.02.2023)<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/monde\/4034155-20230424-soudan-washington-tres-preoccupe-presence-groupe-russe-wagner?xtor=RSS-176<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-64319011<\/a>, (16.11.2019)<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/international\/force-wagner-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-sur-cette-armee-de-l-ombre-de-poutine-7900240788<\/a>, (04.03.2023)<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/international\/milice-wagner-qui-sont-ces-mercenaires-qui-sement-la-terreur-en-ukraine-et-ailleurs-7900230356<\/a>, (31.01.2023)<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Monde\/groupe-wagner-milice-mercenaires<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-64319011<\/a>, op.cit.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ar\/%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\/a-64450680<\/a>, (20.01.2023)<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/international\/force-wagner-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-sur-cette-armee-de-l-ombre-de-poutine-7900240788<\/a>, (04.03.2023) +<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/international\/milice-wagner-qui-sont-ces-mercenaires-qui-sement-la-terreur-en-ukraine-et-ailleurs-7900230356<\/a>, (31.01.2023)<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.bfmtv.com\/international\/tout-comprendre-qu-est-ce-que-le-groupe-wagner-cette-milice-russe-soupconnee<\/a>\u2026., op.cit.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/international\/force-wagner-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir<\/a>\u2026, op.cit. +\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/international\/milice-wagner-qui-sont-ces-mercenaires<\/a>\u2026, op.cit.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u201d ( La Croix)\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Monde\/groupe-wagner-milice-mercenaires<\/a>\u2026, op.cit.\u00a0 (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0634\u0631)<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-60982224<\/a>, (06.04.2022)<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/middleeast-43066053<\/a>, (15.02.2018)<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-64319011<\/a>, (18.01.2023)<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar\/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7\/2021-1018-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/a>, (18.10.2021)<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2022\/11\/5\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/dimensionscenter.net\/ar\/%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A\u2013#:~:text=%D9%8A%D8%A4%D9%83%D8%AF%20%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89,%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%9B%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/doc\/resources\/documents\/misc\/montreux-document-170908.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u201c\u062e\u0635\u0645\u0627\u201d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f- Linda thomas greenfield\u201d ( \u0645\u0646\u0630 2021.02.23 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 2008-2012\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 2013-2017..\u0627\u0644\u062e)\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u062e\u0635\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/afrique.tv5monde.com\/information\/etats-unis-joe-biden-t-il-les-moyens-de-ses-ambitions-en-afrique<\/a>, (05.03.2021)<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.interregional.com\/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B9\/<\/a>, (25.02.2023)<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.noonpost.com\/content\/29966#:~:text=%D9%87%D9%8A%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8%20%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A6%D8%A9%D8%8C%20%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85,%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%81%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8<\/a>, (28.10.2019)<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.monde-diplomatique.fr\/2001\/10\/BISHARA\/7896<\/a>, (Oct.2001)<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-defense-nationale-2015-9-page-87.htm<\/a>, (17.02.2020)<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/fr\/doc\/assets\/files\/other\/irrc_857_guerresasymetriques.pdf<\/a>, (Mars 2005)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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